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\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972663 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs22\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 RIVER AND ESTUARY OF RIVER TAY\line \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 POTENTIAL USE OF TIDES FOR GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs16\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 Courtesy Hamish Robertson 2007
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sl292\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972663 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
In 1841 proposals were being made to consider restriction of the width of river Tay to \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 increase the tidal flow over a narrower river and estuary, causing sand to be moved from the \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
bed of the river and out to sea, thus deepening the river approaches to the \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 port of Dundee and \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 making the port more suitable for the larger ships then being constructed and planned.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sl283\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972663 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 THE PRESENT:

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\sl292\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972663 \rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
Recent developments in the technology applicable to the use of natural power to \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 generate electricity, and the growing concern about globa\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
l warming, and the inevitable large increases in the costs of power whether generated from oil, gas or nuclear power all contrive \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 to direct attention to the use of natural resources as attractive alternatives.
\par \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 There are three natural sources of energy name\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 ly wind power, wave power and tidal \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
power. A great deal of money and resources have been directed to studies on development of \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 these resources and some progress has been made, particularly on wind power (and Dundee \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
has an excellent example at the Michelin factory). Wave power has been getting a lot of \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 favour in recent months. Of these three natural sources of energy, tidal power }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 been, to a \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
large degree, the forgotten one.
\par \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 Wind power is an attractive and identifia\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 ble use of natural resources for power \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
generation and, having seen large swathes of highland landscape well covered with turbines \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 which are readily available for maintenance and repair and I must admit to having some \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
admiration for development of that sour\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 ce of energy.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\sl295\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972663 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
Wave power is, by its nature, developed off-shore in areas where frequent and large waves and swell are frequent and it is apparent that off-shore wind power and wave power \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
should be taken together for some aspects of maintenance and remotene\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 ss. Pentland Firth and \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 Orkney are two locations being favoured for development of off-shore wind power and wave 
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 power installations.
\par \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 There are problems associated with moving energy from remote wind farms and wave \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 power units over large distances to consum\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
ers. In addition, when energy in electrical form is \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 moved from one location to another there is a loss of energy caused by heat generated \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
duringthe movement and a degree of dissipation of energy. This will occur on a 24/7 basis. Has this been quantified an\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 d included in efficiency calculations? I have seen no evidence of \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 that.

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\sl295\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972663 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
In addition because wave power units are mechanical and located in areas where large \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 waves and swell are common (these being essential to wave powered generation of power), I \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 foresee p
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 roblems in the future mainly because the units will be susceptible to breakdown and, \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 because breakdowns are likely to be caused by heavy weather, access by boat or helicopter 
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 for repair will be difficult and dangerous and 'down time' frequent.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qc \li0\ri0\sb120\sl292\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972663 \rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 THE FUTURE:
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs22\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sl295\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx432\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnf39\pnfs22\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120 {\pntxta .}}\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972663 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 To date, there has been very limited recognition of the potential of tidal power for \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
generation of electricity. In my opinion tidal power has many positive aspects and a limited number of potential difficulties and I propose river Tay }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 many attribut\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
es that make it an ideal test area as well as a strong candidate for major investment to utilise the tides in river \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 Tay for generation of electricity.
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs22\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 2.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sl292\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx432\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnf39\pnfs22\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120 {\pntxta .}}\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972663 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 I strongly maintain recognition must be given to the potential of tidal power for \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 generation of elect\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
ricity in river Tay and the following points trace some aspects of the \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 history of river Tay and lay out sound bases in support of that initiative in the future.
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs22\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 3.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sl295\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx432\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnf39\pnfs22\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120 {\pntxta .}}\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972663 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 Although that is not the purpose for the current discussion, the message maybe taken as \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 an \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
example of lateral thinking i.e. why not narrow the estuary to increase the rate of tidal \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 flow over a smaller area and therefore make generation of power more efficient and \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
financially attractive.
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs22\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 4.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sl292\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx432\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnf39\pnfs22\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120 {\pntxta .}}\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972663 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 For many years there was an electricity generating stat\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 ion in the harbour at Dundee and \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
the power generated was fed into the national grid via overhead power lines, some of which \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 remain to this day in Greendykes Road. It must be recorded the pylons and equipment may \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
not meet current industry standards, but the\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 re is a clear precedent for generation of electricity \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 at Dundee Harbour.
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 5.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sl292\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx432\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnf39\pnfs22\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120 {\pntxta .}}\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972663 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
Whether reclamation of certain areas of the north and south banks of River Tay would \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 meet ready approval is unlikely, but surely there must be appreciation that reclamation would \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
allow construction of housing and civic facilities close to current urban areas without the \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 overwhelming need to provide new and expensive public transport. This would be much \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
more efficient than looking to build even more housing and related facilities in\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39  'green' \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 countryside.
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs22\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 6.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sl292\slmult1\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx432\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnf39\pnfs22\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120 {\pntxta .}}\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972663 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af39\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 Of advantage to Dundee is the availability of riverside engineering facilities with capacity \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 and experience in construction for the North Sea offshore industry and these could provide 
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 skills and experience to the project.
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 7.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sl292\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx432\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnf39\pnfs22\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120 {\pntxta .}}\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972663 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
Further to these potential areas to be reclaimed from River Tay, the reclaimed land may, \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 in fact, fall to the Crown, but there must be recognition that the land be used for such \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
purposes as sports training, recreation and civic amenities including separate cycle and pedestrian pathways, for example. Perhaps such development would at long last see the \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
return to the people of Dundee and Fife access to the shores of River Tay and rec\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 all forgotten \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 uses and aspects of their river.
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs22\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 8.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sl295\slmult1\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx432\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnf39\pnfs22\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120 {\pntxta .}}\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972663 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af39\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 Dundee has two Universities and it is anticipated they would be very interested in this \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 venture and be prepared to apply the skills of their faculties and the potential of their student 
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 bodies in architect\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 ure, design and materials testing, for example. This could lead to the \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
development and design of an overall concept, with early identification of problem areas and \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 engineering requirements. I propose the Universities in Dundee be invited to take an active \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
role in finding problems and developing solutions, and to identify industry requirements \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 associated with this project of this scale.
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 9.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sl278\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx432\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnf39\pnfs22\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120 {\pntxta .}}\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972663 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
Regarding the long term effects of major reclamation in the estuary and river Tay, I recall \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 some years ago staff at one\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39  of Dundee's Universities researched changes in the navigation 
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 channels in river Tay and the estuary. This is only one example where existing skills and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs20\f39\fs22\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 knowledge are ava\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 ilable and of value to this project and should be identified and brought to 
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 the table.
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 10.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sl276\slmult1\nowidctlpar
\jclisttab\tx432\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pndec\pnfs24\pnstart10\pnindent360\pnsp120 {\pntxta .}}\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972663 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 The volume of water flowing into, and ebbing from, river Tay is substantial and, in a quoted statistic is that tidal movement in river Tay has a greater volume of w\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 ater than the 
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 Thames and Severn combined.
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 11.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sl273\slmult1\nowidctlpar
\jclisttab\tx432\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pndec\pnfs24\pnstart10\pnindent360\pnsp120 {\pntxta .}}\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972663 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 I anticipate an early assessment will be required to identify the volume of water flowing into, and ebbing from, river Tay and instruments such as flow-meters will be positioned in many locations positions alo
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 ng the river which, over a period of time, would provide that \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 information. These positions could include, for example, some suspended from the Tay \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
railway and road bridges. In addition, there are three rocks close to the Dundee shore just to \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 seaward of the\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39  road bridge, named Beacon Rock, Fowler Rock and Caiman's Rock. These 
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 rocks are more or less in a north-south line and could also be well utilised to position flow-meters in the assessment period.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\sl273\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972663 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
Obviously, even an initial assessment phase of this project\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39  will need major funding \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 and the complexity of this project is sufficient to require the appointment of a group 
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 dedicated to developing an initial profile to ensure the project gets moving. In July 2006, \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 having previously spoken with a reporte\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
r, I submitted a similar document to D. C. Thomson, Dundee, but, as that was ignored, D. C. Thomson apparently thought the subject unworthy of \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
the pages of 'The Courier'. In addition, I confirm the above letter and attachments were sent \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 to Lesley Riddoch o\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 n 20 October, 2007 but acknowledgement or reply has been not yet 
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 received.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb120\sl274\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10768953 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Attachments:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri4320\sl278\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin4320\lin720\itap0\pararsid8003152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Item from Dundee Warder 20 April 1841. \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Item from Dundee Warder 27 April 1841.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb36\sl280\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8003152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1821 27 APRIL
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb120\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10768953 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
From Dundee Warder of 27 April 1821
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb144\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8003152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
IMPROVEMENTS ON THE NAVIGABLE CHANNEL OF THE FIRTH OF TAY, AS\line \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 PROJECTED OPERATIONS ON THE A\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 BERTAY & ELBOW-END SANDS\line \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
(By the Author of "Geology as a Science.")
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi648\li0\ri0\sb288\sl290\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8003152 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\expnd1\expndtw5\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In a preceding number of the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\i\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Dundee Warder, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
it has already been shown that the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tidal-flow up the Frith of Tay is in a great measure co-lineal with its navigable channel. To his \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 corresponde\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ncy in these two lines may be attributed a degree of freedom from what might be \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 called an absolute bar, like that across the mouth of the river Tyne at Tynemouth Castle. Abertay \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Sands and Elbow-end may be, however, viewed, as partly a tidal-bar, and a mate\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rial impediment \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to the navigation of the Firth of Tay, occasioned by an advancing tide wave, diverging from its 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 naturally lineal course upon the Sands of Drumly and Monifieth on the north, and upon the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Sands of Ferry-Port-on Craig on the south, or into the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 bays of Monifieth and \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ferry-Port-on-Craig.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi648\li0\ri0\sb324\sl292\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8003152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
We hence observe an obvious defect in the navigable channel at the entrance of the Frith \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of Tay, which, notwithstanding its depth of water, endangers and obstructs it as an available port \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
of refuge presenting its\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 elf to the north sea; and we see also the apparent, if not the absolute, \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
cause of that defect originating in a configuration of the adjacent ground, which spreads out the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 advancing waters north and south, and disturbs their otherwise lineal and concentrate\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d action.

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi648\li0\ri0\sb216\sl292\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8003152 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The importance of preserving a parallelism of the waters of the frith in continuation from \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ferry-Port-on-Craig up to Dundee and Newport, and the mistake committed by somebody or \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
other, from easing the pressure of water on the Magdalene Yard, in i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ts relative position to the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Harbour and Docks of Dundee, has been previously noticed. Now, a correction of this mistake, 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and attaining the same equality of channel eastward from Broughty Castle, on the bearings of the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Bell Rock Light-house, as prevails westward in the direction of Dundee, are obviously leading 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 objects to be kept in view, so as to cause a form of tidal-action, which, scouring off the Sands of \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Elbow-end, and also the eastern extremity of the Abertay Sands\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
, would produce a complete \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 fairway from the Bell Rock Lighthouse, bearing immediately upon an unavoidable curvature in \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the fairway at Dundee.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb180\sl295\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8003152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
A tub might float along such a fairway into the Harbour of Dundee, as the only point of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 land \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 struck into. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 And a se\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cure haven would be procured, at all times of the tide, if an open-ended \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
break-water, resting on Craig-rock, were made to cover the space of ground from thence up to \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Magdalene Yard. Such being the distinct objects held in view, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 have next to consider the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  mode \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
and means of effecting these purposes.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi646\li0\ri0\sb120\sl293\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8003152 \rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
As the Bay of Monifieth on the north, in combination with the Bay Ferry-Port-on-Craig \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 on the south, are obviously disturbing causes that give place and being to the Sands of \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
Elbow-end and Ab\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 ertay, the practability of beaching up these two bays on a line from Buttonness \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
to Broughty Castle on the one side, and from Tentsmuirness to Ferry-Port-on-Craig on the other, \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 must, therefore be considered. Were these purposes achieved, then and advancing \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 tidal-wave 
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 might be expected to flow right along upon Dundee Harbour, and scour off all the various \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 impediments to navigation that lie in its direct course.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sl290\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8003152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
The prevailing influence of backwater, as it is called, plainly forms the main cause of \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 these respe\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 ctive bays, by a cross current from land-floods repeatedly scouring off a vacant space, 
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 which breaks the line of beach and undulates the tidal-flow, until it forms these bays.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi648\li0\ri0\sb120\sl295\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8003152 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
On the north, therefore, the first object would be the diversion of Dighty Water\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Monifieth Burn, and Buddon Burn, along the line of shore to Broughty Castle, by such effective 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 means as practical engineering can render available, combined with those incidents which concern the project on hand, and which might be advantageously resorte\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d to as a means of 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 expediency, in some measure depending upon that skill and resource in engineering, for which \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 there neither is nor can be any rule but such as depends upon the efficient and practical 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 application of science, combined with judgement and sk\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ill, of which the ways and means are \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 many and sure.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sl290\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8003152 \rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
A like rule might also be applied in clearing the Bay of Ferry-Port-on-Craig, on the south \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 from all the influence of land-streams. No sooner were Buddon Burn, Monifieth Burn, and \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 Dight
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 y Water, either faggoted, weared, or cut down to Broughty Castle, and secured there, that \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 Drumly Sands, no longer bisected and swept off by back-water, might be confidently expected 
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 to run out eastward to Buttonness, when a line of brushwood or furze, cove\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 red by stones, might \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
form an out-line of beach, which, gradually raised on a low angle, accordingly as silt \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 accumulated behind this artifical beach, would speedily absorb the Sands of Abertay and \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
Elbow-end, proportionally as these sands were pressed upon a\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 nd broken up by a flowing \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 tidal-current, until the reclamation of as much as 1600 acres of land from the sea at Monifieth 
\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 Bay, by the progressive works here suggested, might be fairly estimated upon, and its value \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 applied to defraying the expenses of the p\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 roject here detailed.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi646\li0\ri0\sb120\sl298\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8003152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
On the side of Ferry-Port-on-Craig, again, by the adoption of like means, as much as 400\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39  \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 a\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
cres of land, in addition to the other, might be expected, and finally embanked from the sea \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 altogether.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sl290\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8003152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
Now, as the right to so much reclaimed land is unquestionably vested in the Crown, - by \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 Government yielding up that right for the benefit of improving the navigation of the Firth of Tay \loch\af39\dbch\af31505\hich\f39 
\endash \loch\f39  and such a concession would neither cost them anything, nor would th\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 ey relinquish a right of
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\sl292\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8003152 \rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
any value- they would confer on the town of Dundee a most substantial favour, and discharge a \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 duty which Government would be called upon to perform when the terms here stated were \hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 
properly made to the Queen's M\hich\af39\dbch\af31505\loch\f39 inisters.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi648\li0\ri0\sb120\sl292\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8003152 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8003152\charrsid8003152 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Nor is it to be overlooked that this is but the outline of a project based on general \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 principles, along with a mere summary of facts in detail, and applied to a given locality, which a \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
more minute and exact consideration of the premises to be wor\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ked upon would be sure to adapt \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to practical ends.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 On the grounds here discussed, and for the reasons already stated, I am not afraid to say \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
that it is practicable to form a deep-water channel, on a direct line of fairway, from the Bell Rock Light-house to\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the Harbour of Dundee.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 By a proper general plan at the outset, and by carefully attending to incidents as they \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 turned out in the progress of the works undertaken, if the entire extent of what I have urged 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 might not be acquired, yet, even realizing one hal\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f of the objects here described, would be ample \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
compensation for great exertions made on the part of the town's-people of Dundee. Moreover, a \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 complete remodification of these outlines could not fail in bringing out operations attended with pre-eminent succ
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ess.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972663 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\insrsid6972663\charrsid8003152 
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