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{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Maritime Information relating to the Ayrshire Coast, and Pre-dating the Publication of \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
Local Admiralty Charts.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Note. This was a talk, lasting approx. 50 minutes, given to the Largs Probus on \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
Tuesday 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 November, 2001.
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 At the time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  the talk was prepared as a hand written document, and is filed with \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
my Shearwater papers. The following account is in note form, and will be filed on my hard disc under "HistShear", and a printed copy will also be\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  held in the Shearwater \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 papers.
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 I used no slides or overheads for this presentation, but did have a display of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 relevant}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  charts etc. from my collection.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 W. Laing November \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 2001.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 First
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  used at Large Probus Club Meeting 13/11\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 /\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 01\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13311632\charrsid9767182 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 INTRODUCTION.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
Precise Admiralty Charts for this area only came in the 1830-18\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 45, under the auspices of Admiral Beaufort, Hydrographer to the Navy ; he is really only known \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
today for his scale of windspeeds, still used in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 maritime}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  weather forecasts.
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Comparison of the early and current Adm. Charts of this area shows the following
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0
\pnlcltr\pnf1\pnfs24\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta )}}\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
the early version is in black and white; the latest in colour,
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0
\pnlcltr\pnf1\pnfs24\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta )}}\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 new features like the Marina and the Hunterston and NATO piers are not on the \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 1840 chart; BUT
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0
\pnlcltr\pnf1\pnfs24\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta )}}\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 THE IMPORTANT SAFETY FEATURES like depths, rocks, tidal info., bearings of leading lines, bottom fe\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
atures, etc. are on both the early and current charts, showing how meticulous the early surveyors were, despite their lack of modern \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 sophisticated electronic equipment [details of hand soundings].
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
The central focus of this talk is about the different t\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 ypes of maritime info. that were available to the mariner in the days up to the beginning of the 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
. Cent. that would aid safe or safer navigation.
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 This has to be seen against\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  the understandable reluctance of local pilots, who must have existed from the days that sailors ventured into, for them, non local waters ; 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 there was no point in involving a scribe ( the pilots would have been most likely \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 illiterate ) to record }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 relevant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  i
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 nfo. on local maritime features, or even prepare a rough sketch chart, because such things could be copied and sold\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 ; and the poor pilot \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
would lose his pilotage fee.
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 This attitude was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 prevalent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  at the time ; the trade guilds jealously guarded their \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 trade s\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
ecrets, chose their apprentices from connected families, governed their trade, \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 and so local politics, to their own advantage, and you might ask "What has changed \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 through the centuries !!!".

\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 So what were the items of information t\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 hat were available from early times, and \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
were an aid to navigation, and so a contribution to the reduction of the appalling loss \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 of life at sea.
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 These can be grouped as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 follows;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\expnd0\expndtw-4\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\wrapdefault{\*\pn 
\pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnf1\pnfs24\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta )}}\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 tidal information
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\expnd0\expndtw-4\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0
\pnlcltr\pnf1\pnfs24\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta )}}\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 land maps
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\expnd0\expndtw-4\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0
\pnlcltr\pnf1\pnfs24\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta )}}\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 descriptions of harbours
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\expnd0\expndtw-4\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 d)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0
\pnlcltr\pnf1\pnfs24\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta )}}\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 government involvement in procuring/ providing navigational data }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 [often}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 driven by national matters such as the threat of invasion, or, in the case of 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Scotland, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 rebellion]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 .
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\expnd0\expndtw-4\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 e)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0
\pnlcltr\pnf1\pnfs24\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta )}}\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Private production of sea charts, either by commissions from sea going }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 organisations}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  or by using data accumulated, but not worked up, during government service.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
There as one other major source of information that could have been used to \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 alleviate the problems of the pre-19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 . century mariner. From very early days, naval \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 commanders 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 had to keep logbooks, and in the mid 1700's, they were also commanded to record and submit to the Admiralty navi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 ational details arising from \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
their voyages. This info, was stored in many rooms in the Admiralty, but it was not \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 indexed or worked up in any sy\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 stematic }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 way. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
When, in the late 1700's the office of \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
Hydrographer of the Navy was created, some attempt was made to sort out the mess, but little use was made of the existing information until Beaufort started the detailed U.K. survey. Just prior to that,\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
 official charts did appear of overseas coastal areas, so there was the ridiculous situation that more was known about the coasts \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 of Africa, Australia, and North America than about the U.K. home waters.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 TIDAL INFORMATION.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Tidal information was not inco\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 rporated in early European navigational 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 procedures, because these limited procedures had been drawn up for \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Mediterranean waters}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
 and in that area there are virtually no tidal effects that \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 would influence the limited navigational techniques used in that en\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 closed \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 sea.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
Going through the Pillars of Hercules, Roman and Phoenician traders would have \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 had a great surprise; they could have anchored in 3 to 4 metres of water, and found \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
themselves aground six hours later. Foll\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 owing their usual practice, they would \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 anchor at night, and only sail in the daylight, proceeding from cape to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 cape;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  this is 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 the reason why the portalan charts of the time show shorelines that look like a \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 series of adjacent bays. Remember, there would be no fixed lights on shore to give 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 any guidance.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
However, seasoned mariners would begin to recognise patterns in this "up and \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 down" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
phenomenon;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  they would notice that
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\expnd0\expndtw-1\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1800\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls6\pnrnot0
\pnlcltr\pnf1\pnfs24\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta )}}\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 the procedure was very regular,
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\expnd0\expndtw-1\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1800\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls6\pnrnot0
\pnlcltr\pnf1\pnfs24\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta )}}\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 the time between high an low water [and the reverse] was about 6 hours, and
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\expnd0\expndtw-1\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1800\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls6\pnrnot0
\pnlcltr\pnf1\pnfs24\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta )}}\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 there would be two high and two low tides per day, on average.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
Further observations over a much longer period of time would reveal more about the tidal c\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 ycle; it would have been noted that
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\expnd0\expndtw-2\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1800\wrapdefault{\*\pn 
\pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnf1\pnfs24\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta )}}\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
the tides seemed to get a little bit later every day,
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\expnd0\expndtw-2\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1800\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0
\pnlcltr\pnf1\pnfs24\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta )}}\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 height}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  of both high and low water varied between maximum and \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 minimum values over a monthly cycle, and
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\expnd0\expndtw-2\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1800\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0
\pnlcltr\pnf1\pnfs24\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta )}}\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 most importantly, for any given location, when the moon w\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 as full, and \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 it was the time of a high tide, the moon was ALWAYS on the same true bearing.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
We can translate this last statement into "local" terms, and say for Largs that when \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 the moon is full, and it is the time of high tide, the moon is always on a s\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 outh 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 westerly bearing. This south westerly bearing is known as the Establishment of the \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 port of Largs.
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 All this could be worked out for the anchorage where the vessel was located, but the \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 sailors would not know the times of the tidal sequence for the next \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
"un-visited" port \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 or anchorage they wished to call }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 at;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  in these days there were no Nautical \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Almanacs, and so no little tables of daily high tides in the local newspaper IL
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 As more info, was recorded for a given extensive section of coast, say from Cape Trafalgar to Cape Finesterre, the mariners would realise that that a given high tide \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
progressed from South to North, and that intelligent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af41\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f41\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af41\dbch\af31505\loch\f41 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 uesses could be made about \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 the estab\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
lishment and time of tides for ports to the north of a port where the establishment was well known.
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 As virtually all of the mariners of these days would have been illiterate, it was not \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 possible to carry all of this detailed and systematic information in t\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
heir heads ; however, the mariners were lucky because another profession was very interested in these repeating natural sequences, which seemed to be inextricably associated \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
with the movement of the moon. This profession was the clergy, for whom the \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 precis\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 e timing of Easter, which was a very important feast day in the church \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
calendar, was essential, but had to be calculated for each individual year, because the dating was really a lunar phenomena, and so subject to minor variations.
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 The clergy were, by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af41\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f41\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af41\dbch\af31505\loch\f41 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af41\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\f41\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af41\dbch\af31505\loch\f41 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af41\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f41\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af41\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f41\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af41\dbch\af31505\loch\f41  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 century, publishing lists of ecclesiastical events, \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 which contained, in part, the timing of lunar events. A Breton printer, called \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
Guillaume Bruscon, realised that these lists could, in fact be reduced to contain \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 those elements of information that w\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
ere required to generate tidal information. In effect, he created a tide table. He realised that such a printed table, based solely on \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
letters and words, was not helpful to the illiterate mariners, so he devised a form of presentation that could be readily\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  understood by these men.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9767182 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
The presentation consisted of two elements ; a) crude maps of sections of the west \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
coast of Europe, showing the location of the main ports ; a curved line ran from each port to a small printed compass card, the line joining th\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
e card at a compass value equivalent to the establishment of the port, and b) a series of circular diagrams that displayed the day of the month, the phase of the moon, the time of spring and neap \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
tides, and the times of low and high water. In other words, \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 the mariner had all the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 tidal information he needed, in an easy to interpret way, to allow him to make safer journeys on his trade routes.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
These printed tables became available early in the 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 . century, and the idea \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 rapidly spr\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
ead through the maritime communities of north west Europe. Our local interest in these Brouscon tables arises from the fact that the most northerly reference to a port in his series of maps is to the Cumbraes, reflecting the extensive 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 wine trade that took \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 place between Gascony in south west France and the west \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 coast of Scotland.
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 In the early days of trading under sail, a place like the Largs Channel, and especially \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 the east side of the Big Cumbrae, was ideal for dodging a foul tide, and the 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Brouscon tables \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 would tell the mariner the timing and strength of the tide of the day ; it would be for this reason that the Cumbraes are mentioned, as the end point of a 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 wine trip would be the Tail of the Bank.
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Less than ten examples of Brouscon tide tables are still in \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 existence; there is an excellent example in the Pepys Library at Magdelan College, Cambridge. This copy 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 is signed by "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 F.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Drak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 ", suggesting it had been owned at one time by Francis Drake. \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
This copy is No. 1 in the unique Pepys classification system, where th\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 e smallest book in the collection is No. 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  and the largest, which is an atlas is No. 3000.
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 So much for the first useful bit of printed practical navi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 ational information for our \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 local area !.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 LAND MAPS.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
There were land maps long before there were sea\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  charts.; however, these maps \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 were very imprecise, not all sectors of a "finished" map had actually been \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
mapped, so these early maps were a bit "by guess and by God".
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
These poor land maps were O.K. for land travellers, in that something was always \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
better than nothing, but if the land traveller was lost, he could sit down, sort out the situation, and so be "lost, but alive !". On the other hand, a sea traveller, if lost while using a dodgy map could be "lost}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 , but probably dead !". As such}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 , land maps\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 , \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 whether old or new, are not much use to the mariner, but there is a relationship \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
between land maps and sea charts that is worth exploring, especially in our local \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 area.
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 In many cases, and very often in the U.K., the coastal outline shown on a properly \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 ma\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
pped land chart can be the starting point for a sea chart, but as we shall see later \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 the situation in parts of the west coast of Scotland, including the Largs area was \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 quite different.
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Serious mapping and charting in the U.K. came about in an interesting w\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 ay. After \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
the 1745 rebellion, which was a very near run thing for the Establishment in London, the Duke of Cumberland called his Army and Navy commanders together to discuss \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
the campaign, this very action being unusual and indicative of the concerns that w\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 ere around at the time. To the annoyance of Cumberland, these military commanders had harsh comments to make}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  saying very clearly that they would not}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
fight another campaign in Scotland unless there were quality charts and maps of the areas, especially in the north and west. It is no coincidence at all that, as a result of \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
these comments, Colonel William Roy, of the newly founded Board of Ordnance, was o\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
rdered to prepare the first detailed land map of the mainland of Scotland, and that, almost at the same time, a civilian marine surveyor from Orkney, called Murdo MacKenzie was called by the Admiralty to complete the survey of the coasts of the U.K., by i
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 n\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 itially surveying the west coast of Scotland, and so linking up with earlier \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
surveys that had done the coast of England and Wales, way back in the 1680's. These very early charts by Greenville Collins were not very accurate, having no \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 consistent mathematic\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 al rigour
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 ; nevertheless, these charts were still in use up to \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 the 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 . \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 C\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 entury!\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 !}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
The interesting story about the maritime charting of the Largs area comes in the \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 early part of the 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 century. By this time, the Government had established an \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Ordn\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
ance Survey organisation to take charge of all land mapping, and the Admiralty had established the post of Hydrographer to the Navy to create what we now know as the series of Admiralty charts. Both these Government departments used rigorous mathematical 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 a\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 nd navigational techniques to ensure the fundamental accuracy of their work.
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 In most parts of the country, the first Government surveyors were the Board of \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Ordnance people, who did the land map, followed by the naval surveyors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  who started at the "Ord
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 nance" coastline, and worked out to sea. This did not happen in \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 the Clyde area, or in the west of Scotland in general, because, in the 1830/40 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
period, the London authorities were having great trouble in Ireland gathering land \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 taxes, because the Irish lando\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 wners believed that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 relevant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
 land maps were very \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 much out of date. The authorities decided to counter this minor revolt by transferring all the military surveyors to Ireland to revise the maps ; the net result of all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
of this in \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 the local Largs area was \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 that the naval surveyors were the first government \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
surveyors to work in the area, and, as a result, the first government maps of Largs and Millport were done by the surveyors working from the Admiralty survey vessel, "Shearwater"; and there were accurate A\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
dmiralty charts of the area before there \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 were accurate Ordnance Survey maps.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 DESCRIPTIONS OF HARBOURS.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
After the availability of tidal information, and some help from land maps, what \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 was the next source of information of use to the mariner ?. A case ca\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
n be made for the recording of information about harbours and safe anchoring areas ; after \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 all, in the early days before harbours and marinas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
 safe natural harbours and anchorages were of vital importance to mariners. There was a considerable amount of in\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
formation about harbours on both sides of the English Channel, partly because of the concentration of naval activity in that area, but also \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
because these harbours were well fortified, and that required mathematical skills common both to surveying and the d\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 esign of fortifications.
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Such harbour and anchorage information was not readily available for our local area\line \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 until the 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
. century, but there does exist an English document from the mid 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9767182 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
that gives some details for the Ayrshire coast\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 ; why was such information, titled "The Military Report" gathered and reported ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 The Military Report is divided into three geographical areas, namely Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham. 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 For each of these areas, the original writer, who is believed to have been either "Warden clerk, or one of the other officers of the opposite march of \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
England", gives details of places suitable for fortification, as well as information concerning the lando\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
wning families, their ability to raise local troops, and the value of certain church properties. It is in the sections dealing with fortification that the \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
maritime information is located. The Report is believed to have been written \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 between 1563 and 1566.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
About the time of the writing of the Report}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  the English authorities, especially their \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
advisors on the Western March, deemed it appropriate to investigate the feasibility of invading the Sheriffdom of Ayr, an undertaking of far greater dimension than t\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
he "run of the mill" border skirmishes, which were endemic at the time. To contemplate \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 such a deep incursion, with a non-existent road system, it was necessary to think in \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
terms of supporting the adventure by sea-borne supplies. This type of procedure must\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  have been practised by the English to support their operations on the Western \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
March, which were centred on Carlisle. It would appear from references in the \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Military Report that there was a well established sea route from Beaumaris in \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Angelsey, via the Isl
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 e of Man to the Solway Firth to bring supplies to Carlisle, probably using one of the southern Solway havens as the final port of discharge. \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
Initially, it would seem quite simple to extend this sea-route to the Ayrshire coast, \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 but there was an obvious shor\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
tage of pilotage information on the Ayrshire ports, hence the maritime content of the Report.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13311632\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 hy invade Ayrshire? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 At the time, Scotland was in turmoil. Mary, Queen of Scots, 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 was on the throne. She was a practising Catholic, and a former Queen of France,\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
but she was not persecuting the reformed Church of Scotland. Some of her closest Scottish advisors were Protestants, but her marriage to Darnley in 1565 was \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
conducted under Catholic rites. This marriage was not approved of by Elizabeth of \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 England, and led\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  to the break up of the "Amity" between Scotland and England in \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
1565. To some Catholics in England, Mary was considered to have a legitimate \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 claim to the throne of England, and so Elizabeth saw her as a political threat. The establishment of Scotland was s\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
plit into two parties, those for the Queen, and those \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 for the State. The latter were Protestant in belief, and tended to be pro-English, \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
while the former were Catholic, and seen to be connected to France. The Queen's \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 party included many landed families, su\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 ch as the Kennedys, the Cunninghams and \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
the Montgomeries, with their power base in Ayrshire. Elizabeth had no wish to see \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 England caught in a "two front" war with France should the Catholic families in Scotland become troublesome, so a pre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 -e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 mptive strike int
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 o the heart of the Queens party in the west of Scotland seemed an admirable objective. If the lands could be wasted and held, control could be exercised on the estuary of the Clyde, including \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
the Scottish naval port of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Dumbarton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 , thus preventing any naval \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
link up between the French and the Queen's supporters in the west of Scotland. This would seem to explain the naval, military and political thinking behind the intelligence content of \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 the Military Report.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 MARITIME DATA IN THE MILITARY REPORT.
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts11\trrh20\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\tblrsid13311632\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx7551\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
An examination of the Military Report reveals maritime data that can be
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 grouped under the following headings;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx1143\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13311632 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs44 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\fs44\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Distances\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs44 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\fs44\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts11\trrh20\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\tblrsid13311632\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone 
\clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx7551\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow1\irowband1\ltrrow\ts11\trrh20\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\tblrsid13311632\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalb\clbrdrt
\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx4617\clvertalb\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx7551\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Lochryan to Girvan\cell \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 16 "myles"\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\ltrrow\ts11\trrh20\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\tblrsid13311632\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalb\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone 
\clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx4617\clvertalb\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx7551\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow
\ts11\trrh20\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\tblrsid13311632\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx4617\clvertalc\clbrdrt
\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx7551\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Girvan to Turnberry\cell }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx1251\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13311632 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 5\tab \hich\f1 \'84\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow\ts11\trrh20\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\tblrsid13311632\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil 
\cellx4617\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx7551\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Dunure to Doonfoot\cell \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 4\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \trowd \irow3\irowband3\ltrrow\ts11\trrh20\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\tblrsid13311632\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone 
\clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx4617\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx7551\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Doonfoot to Ayr\cell \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 2\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \trowd \irow4\irowband4\ltrrow\ts11\trrh20\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\tblrsid13311632\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone 
\clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx4617\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx7551\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Ayr to Isle of Man\cell \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 84\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \trowd \irow5\irowband5\ltrrow\ts11\trrh20\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\tblrsid13311632\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone 
\clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx4617\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx7551\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Ayr to Beaumaris\cell \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 130\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \trowd \irow6\irowband6\ltrrow\ts11\trrh20\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\tblrsid13311632\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone 
\clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx4617\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx7551\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Ayr to Lamlash\cell \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 14\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \trowd \irow7\irowband7\ltrrow\ts11\trrh20\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\tblrsid13311632\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone 
\clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx4617\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx7551\row \ltrrow
}\trowd \irow8\irowband8\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trrh20\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\tblrsid13311632\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx4617\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx7551\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Ayr to Irvine\cell \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 8\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \trowd \irow8\irowband8\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trrh20\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\tblrsid13311632\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl
\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx4617\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth1\clshdrawnil \cellx7551\row }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 It is not clear if these distances are direct "point to point" \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
measurements, or if they take into account deviations of tracks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  or, i\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 n the case of sea routes, moving from headland to headland. One \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
other distance is given in the Report, but in this instance it is \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 definitely a landward measurement; the Report states that \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 "from Edinbrught thys towne (Ayr) ys thre score myles strait ground"
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Freely translated, this suggests that "Ayr to Edinburgh is 60 "myles"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 as the crow fl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 ies !"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Directions
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
No numerical compass bearings are given in the Report, but some very \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 general directions are given, using only the main compass points;
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Carrick is NORTH of Lochryan
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Dunure is SOUTH of Doonfoot
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Doonfoot is SOUTH of Ayr
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Cunningham is NORTH of Kyle
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Irvine is NORTH of Ayr
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
There is one other example of a general direction, namely
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 "Within xiiij myles over foranenissts the same towne (Ayr) In the\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  yle of arrane, Lyeth the yle and woode of Annualashe".
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 The Scots word "foment", as used in the 16th. century, meant "opposite", so \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 this passage translates freely to;
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \loch\af1\dbch\af31505\hich\f1 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 14 miles opposite ( i.e. west of ) Ayr, on the island of Arran, lies the island and woo\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 d \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
of Lamlash".
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 In the 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 century, what is now referred to as Holy Isle, was called the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 island }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 of \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Lamlash.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Haven details
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
The Military Report gives details of four Havens on, or near, the Ayrshire coast. At the time of writing the Report, no haven would have extensive harbour works, although a rudimentary quay did exist at the mouth of the River Ayr. At this time, a haven wa
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 s\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  often just a partly sheltered river mouth or bay; the mouth of the river Ayr \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
was not a well protected haven, and it is significant that the Report writer refers additionally to an off shore anchorage, as well as the river haven. In the context of \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 havens, \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
the writer describes the Carrick shore as "an iron coast", thus describing the \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 coast between Lochryan and Ayr as inhospitable, because of a lack of sheltered \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 anchorages.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
The Report gives the following specific details, as rendered into modern English;
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 GIRV\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 AN MOUTH
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
"At high tide, vessels of up to 40 tons can enter";
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 [Comment; such a vessel would draw about 5 feet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  su}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 g}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 gesting the haven bar had a \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 maximum cover of about 1 fathom at high tide].
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 AYR
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
"The haven is at the mouth of the river Ayr, adjacent to Ayr to\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 wn. There is an\line \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 offshore anchorage 2 miles from the town of Ayr. The haven mouth has a sand bar,
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 with 3.5 and 2.5 fathoms, at high and low water; The haven can always be entered on a rising tide in calm water. The Ayr haven is far superior to that at Irvin\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 e";
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 [Comment; a tidal rise and fall of 1 fathom seems small, but the value can be \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 significantly different under river flow and wind conditions].
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 LAMLASH
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
"This haven, 14 myles west of Ayr, on the east coast of Arran, is an excellent \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 anchorage, and is protec\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 ted in all weathers."
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 IRVINE
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
"This is a poor haven, but is only 8 miles north of Ayr. The haven has a bar, with less than 2 fathoms at high water. The haven entrance is narrow, and banked on both \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 sides";
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 [Comment; the banking makes it an awkward entrance f\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 or a sailing vessel; the Report \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
writer basically does not recommend Irvine as a haven, especially when Ayr is relatively \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 close by].
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 SPECIAL COMMISSIONS AND REPORTS

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
Charts and pilotage notes were prepared for special occasions. Each of these \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 occasions is worthy of a talk in their own right, so, in concluding this short account \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
on "things navigational" before Admiral Beaufort and his skilled cartographers came \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 on the scene, I will mention briefly a few of the well known accounts.
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 In 1540, James\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  IV dec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 ided to "sort out" the warlords/}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 clanchiefs on the West }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Coast}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  of 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Scotland. He visited the area with a naval squadron, dispensed drink freely, placed the local dissidents in chains, and eventually had them deposited in Edinburgh \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Castle to repent their
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  sins. Freedom was only granted when these chiefs agreed that their eldest sons should be educated in lowland schools.
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 A complete description of the Scottish coasts was prepared for this naval \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 venture by a Scottish pilot called Alexander Lindsay. This desc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 ription, or rutter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 followed a format that was well established in western Europe, and contained \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 information on distances, magnetic bearings, and tidal information, including the \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
establishments of ports and anchorages. This rutter exists to this day in several \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 forms, with a French version being associated with a very good general chart of \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
Scotland from a French source and dated about 1560. Just how this chart had been prepared has \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 not been established ; but the chart was deemed to be good \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
enough to be the frontispiece for Scottish marine atlas of the late 1700's.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
About the late 1600's, Charles II commissioned a Captain Grenville Collins to \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 chart the U.K home waters. This was don\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 e in the form of a running survey of \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
relatively low accuracy, covering the Solway firth, south to the Channel, and right up the east coast to the Northern Isles. The very difficult Scottish west coast was not attempted ; these Collins charts, despite the p\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
oor accuracy were \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 still being used 100 years after their creation.
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 A well known Scottish marine cartographer, Murdo MacKenzie, working in the \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 mid to late 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
. century, and using elementary trigonometric measurement techniques. produced the first accurate \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 chart of the Orkneys and the Pentland Firth. He did this at the commission of the Dutch East India Company, and then 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 at the invitation of the British Admiralty, he produced a series of detailed charts \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 of the west coast of Scotland, so filling in the blanks\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
 of earlier series of charts. This work of MacKenzie is very important in that it was the start of accurate marine surveying in British waters, and is the forerunner of the Admiralty series of charts.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13311632\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Several master mariners, both from naval service an\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 d the merchant marine \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
produced charts for private gain. For example, Murdo Downie, a sailing master in naval service used his experiences of naval service on the Scottish east coast to produce a set of charts that were of reasonable accuracy ; these charts
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 , however, \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 were only made after he left naval service. In a similar vein, Captain Joseph \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Huddart,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
a captain in the British East India Company, published a very detailed \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 chart of the west coast of Scotland and England in the late 1700's, between a very \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 lucr\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
ative series of voyages to the East. He did not use triangulation, but did \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 establish a series of astronomical fixes of well known locations as a basic grid for \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
his chart. This type of "private" cartography was on a relatively small scale, but was important\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
 in that it led to precise techniques being developed, and, in a sense, made it impossible for the Government to prevaricate much longer on the issue of creating \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 a national series of trustworthy maritime charts.
\par \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 We have come a long way from early French ti\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 de tables, Elizabethan military \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 reports, tentative coastal surveys, and freelance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 mariner\hich\f1 \rquote \loch\f1 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 
\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  charts, but we have reached the early 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 . century, and Admiral Beaufort and his hydrographers have commenced the detailed charting of all of our home waters ; we c\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 
an now safely leave from the marina and make for Rothesay, knowing that we have an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 up-to-date}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 chart, and can use it sensibly !!.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb120\nowidctlpar\tx7011\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13311632 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 W.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9767182\charrsid9767182 \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Laing}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1921927\charrsid9767182 \tab \hich\af1\dbch\af31505\loch\f1 Nov., 2001.
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